Lawrence River in the 16th century ultimately led to France occupying this part of North America. He was likely employed in business and navigation from a young age. Like his countrymen, Cartier probably sailed along the coast of France, Newfoundland and South America Brazil , first as a sailor and then as an officer. Verrazano had died on his last voyage. He left Saint-Malo on 20 April with two ships and 61 men. They reached the coast of Newfoundland 20 days later.
During his journey, Cartier passed several sites known to European fishers. He renamed these places or noted them on his maps.
After skirting the north shore of Newfoundland , Cartier and his ships entered the Gulf of St. They had come to the area for their annual seal hunt. The expedition of was more important than the first expedition. It included people and three medium-sized ships. They left Brittany in mid-May and reached Newfoundland after a long, day crossing. Lawrence River upstream. Given the extent of their planned explorations, the French decided to spend the winter there and settled at the mouth of the St.
Charles River. Against the advice of chief Donnacona, Jacques Cartier decided to continue sailing up the river towards Hochelaga , now the city of Montreal.
Cartier reached Hochelaga on 2 October There he met other Iroquoian people, who tantalized Cartier with the prospect of a sea in the middle of the country. By the time Cartier returned to Stadacona Quebec , relations with the Indigenous people there had deteriorated. When spring came, the French decided to return to Europe.
This time, Cartier abducted chief Donnacona himself, the two sons, and seven other Iroquoian people. In September, Cartier sailed to what would become Montreal and was welcomed by the Iroquois who controlled the area, hearing from them that there were other rivers that led farther west, where gold, silver, copper and spices could be found.
Before they could continue, though, the harsh winter blew in, rapids made the river impassable, and Cartier and his men managed to anger the Iroquois. So Cartier waited until spring when the river was free of ice and captured some of the Iroquois chiefs before again returning to France. Because of his hasty escape, Cartier was only able to report to the king that untold riches lay farther west and that a great river, said to be about 2, miles long, possibly led to Asia.
In May , Cartier departed on his third voyage with five ships. He had by now abandoned the idea of finding a passage to the Orient and was sent to establish a permanent settlement along the St.
Lawrence River on behalf of France. A group of colonists was a few months behind him this time. Cartier set up camp again near Quebec, and they found an abundance of what they thought were gold and diamonds. In the spring, not waiting for the colonists to arrive, Cartier abandoned the base and sailed for France. En route, he stopped at Newfoundland, where he encountered the colonists, whose leader ordered Cartier back to Quebec.
Cartier, however, had other plans; instead of heading to Quebec, he sneaked away during the night and returned to France. There, his "gold" and "diamonds" were found to be worthless, and the colonists abandoned plans to found a settlement, returning to France after experiencing their first bitter winter.
On August 10, the day of St. Leaving the ship in Lake Saint-Pierre, he proceeded in a small craft to the Iroquois village, where he arrived on October 2. There were nearly 2, people living there. The island and village were overlooked by a mountain, which he named mount Royal. The rapids north and south of Montreal Island prevented him from continuing his route to the west. Cartier had to return to harbour on the Saint-Charles river, where he found that relations with the Iroquois had become more acrimonious.
The threat of an early winter lay before the Frenchmen. From mid-November, the ships were imprisoned in the ice. December began with an epidemic of scurvy. The Iroquois, the first affected, were slow in delivering up the secret of anedda, a white cedar tea which would save them. Of the Frenchmen afflicted, 25 died. On May 3, Cartier planted a cross on the site where he had just wintered. The voyage back began three days later, without the Petite Hermine. Following a swerve along the Newfoundland coast, Jacques Cartier discovered the strait which bears the name of the explorer Giovanni Caboto.
On July 16, , Cartier was again in Saint-Malo. Authorized to leave by Roberval, who was awaiting the delivery of artillery and merchandise, Jacques Cartier departed from Saint-Malo on May 23,
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