You can then zoom-in to 10X to make fine adjustments to the focus until the bright stars are as sharp as possible. A light pollution filter can help to isolate deep sky objects from a washed-out city sky, but there is no substitute for dark skies.
For M45 in particular, you will benefit from taking your image from a dark sky site during the new moon phase. As an example, have a look at the unprocessed single frame vs. An unprocessed single frame of the Pleiades from the city vs. There is a massive amount of dust within the Pleiades star cluster and can be captured in detail with enough exposure time.
This hour exposure displays just how much dust there really is surrounding the Pleiades star cluster. The majority of the deep sky objects I photograph are far too dim to identify through a camera lens with my DSLR. Thankfully, Pleiades is an exception to this, which is why it is such a popular deep sky target for beginners.
A full-frame DSLR camera and a wide field telescope is a great combination to use when photographing this star cluster.
An Optolong L-Pro broadband filter helped to reduce city glow without creating any harsh color casts. The challenge when processing Messier 45 is the extremely bright and large stars in the image. These stars may have caused some odd reflections in your image, that will be to be removed using either the clone tool or healing brush.
The c o ntent-aware fill feature in Adobe Photoshop will also handle the task quite well. The image processing steps needed for an image of a star cluster are quite different than they are for a galaxy or nebula. Because the focus is on the stars themselves, less stretching curves, levels of the data is needed. The cluster itself will be located just a bit past the bright star, visible as a small dipper-shaped arrangement of stars.
When NASA's exoplanet-hunting Kepler telescope needed calibrating so it could clearly identify bright stars, astronomers turned the telescope at the Pleiades. By pointing Kepler at the Pleiades, researchers confirmed that six of the Seven Sisters — Alcyone, Atlas, Electra, Merope, Taygete and Pleione — are slowly pulsating type B stars , which change in brightness over the course of one day.
The seventh star, named Maia, has a brightness that fluctuates over a longer period of 10 days. This was already known, but the researchers wanted Kepler, which normally looks at extremely dim stars and watches for dips in brightness that might indicate an orbiting planet, to study brighter stars as well.
Before this, when the telescope's camera would try to look at bright stars, the images would become overly saturated and contain digital artifacts and other distortions. By using the Pleiades as a guinea pig, the astronomers gave Kepler a new ability, expanding its search for exoplanets to include brighter stars as well as dim ones.
The Pleiades open star cluster, also known as the Seven Sisters and designated as Messier 45, is an open star cluster that contains middle-aged, hot B-type stars. The Pleiades are a prominent sight in winter in the Northern Hemisphere and are easily visible out to mid-Southern latitudes. Many ancient cultures from around the world knew about them. One of the earliest known depictions of the Pleiades is probably a Northern German Bronze Age artifact known as the Nebra sky disk, which is dated to about BC.
The Pleiades, with its thousands of stars , formed between 75 and million years ago. This open cluster is among the closest star clusters to Earth. Some computer simulations have demonstrated that the Pleiades were probably formed from a compact configuration that resembled the Orion Nebula. All the stars in the Pleiades cluster have a common origin, they formed through a gigantic molecular cloud of dust and gas.
Gravity pulled the swirling gas and dust together and formed the Pleiades cluster which is now dominated by very hot blue and luminous stars. It is so large and bright that it can be seen from Earth with the naked eye.
The Pleiades cluster has around solar masses or about The radius of the Pleiades stretches for about Its overall dimensions are around arcminutes. The cluster core radius is about 8 light-years, and the tidal radius is around 43 light-years.
The Pleiades open star cluster has more than 1, confirmed stars, with the exclusion of unresolved binary stars. The brightest of them are usually hot blue stars of spectral type B, that have an estimated age of around million years. Around 14 stars can be seen with the naked eye if the conditions are right. Although there are only six stars easily distinguishable with the naked eye by people of average sight, the cluster has traditionally been known as the Seven Sisters.
The main cluster is about 12 lightyears in diameter and contains around stars. The total mass contained is estimated to be about times that of the Sun. Hot bluish-white stars are dominant. There are several white dwarfs, and there is obviously nebulosity, which is brightest in the region of the star Merope.
The nebula is not particularly elusive — I saw it easily with my five-inch 12cm refractor — and it is a favourite target for astrophotographers see our gallery below. Rather naturally, it was assumed to have been formed at the same time as the Pleiades themselves — but this cannot be so.
The cluster is of the order of million years old, and a reflection nebulae of this kind would long since have been dissipated. In fact, the explanation is that the stars are simply passing through a dust cloud which happens to lie in their path.
First look for the very familiar constellation of Orion with its two leaders, the orange-red Betelgeuse and the even brighter white Rigel. At first they may look like a misty patch, but if conditions are even reasonably good it rapidly becomes evident that they are individual stars, close together.
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